Internal-combustion engine



Oct. 20,1925; V 1,557,763

. A. J. METZ INTERNAL CUMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 9, 1922 sSheets-Sheet 1 ml VEH TOR Oct. 20, 1925. 1,557,763

A. J. METZ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 9, 1922 s Sheets-Sheet2,

IEI. 2

7 M I llYVif llTqR I 7 ,M4/ A TTORNEY a Shets-Sheet a A. J. METZ gfifept. 9, 1922' Oct. 20, 1925- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE File PatentedOct. 20, 1925.

ANTHONY J, MEF-bz, i011 DAVEQIPQBT, IOWA;

eeem gqmvsmwmeme;

Application fi le'd sept ere, 132;. serial; ltd.- 5157,1359.

Z'o rZ Z whq it-may concern:

Be t k mw tI A HO EI a citizen of the United States, ige'sidi hg atDavenport, in the county of S eott ztnd State of I we, ha'ye invented,eertaiiign'ew and usefii-l Improvements in Internal-Commistion'Ehgifiegbf which the following is a specificationv My i ventmn pertainsto improvements 1n interpgrl-e'emb stion engines; aiid, refers metespecially to a; novel and efficient, arrangement of theeyli'nder andpiston. In pistb'ns Of usual construction, in'the opemt'i'e Of theengine such pistons, and the tings theren are subject to expahsioii; asa result of which the tings engfdge the Wall of the cylinder too t'iglitly 'eeusing an abrasion-"or seoring thereof, and soon iequirihg tob'eremedied, by regrihdirig the cylinderyqr other means I aim toobyiatethisdiffietilty by the" use 6f 2% piston Iwhieh does notcontziii'n the usual fihgsfan d which piston is permitted a norr'n ztlcjegr ee of expansion ivithbl t ny undueeng'egement With the cylinderWall. i t

Another purpose of the invention is t0 provide mea'ns toiabselutelypreventing the escape (it any part Ofthe explosiye charge, 4

01' the, ases termed therefrdm, so that the full fetce bf the explosioliWillbe expended 'upon the piston. i

Another purpose of l the invention is to have a eenst'rilction'Wlier'eina pistonfis 'qsed, the skirt Portion of which Iiste'pabl e Ofit reciprocating movement between the cylinder Wall on the outsidethereof and the Outer Wall of it hollow cylindrical "body ll'len lbelsuspended jwithin the eylinde grid at the innerfend pf which arepositionedthe inletend exhaust velye, as Well as the igr'iition devicesfor' such eylindef; In 'atrangen ent of this kind, "wherein the valves,a'reeontztined Within a limited" spece neeessarily less than the innerdiameter 6f the piston, it is essential that sl c'ltval ye's shillpesse'ss the gt'ettest a IIiO'u'nt bf attest possible. Otherwise thetflolifif Of hydtbcztib dh rhizitum. entelfi grt e spi e e e heed andfier my mb w l be infideqfia fi e' per m the" qu red 'W k; m h exh ustOutl t? wi b iiisiiifficliehfifid F mite proper eseape' of the deadgases; Te;-

engine. the l e sent'ipvention it is sought to make use of thegireatestarfr' biint e space t d pnrpc jes'g i ii missible in "connection with acCO m ahying features fo ke ing such' e t i efi epe e e e etl i i Th 'tets n a r imumsitppl'y of eziplosiye mi tu e, apdfior: respqndmg amountof ork ng foic'e of, the

wif giirh sue-g se with the valve a ea, eti d thisis accomplished 1arrahgem'ent the cenduits are disposed at (me side bfthe' cehter li e;and so asto 'b'e otitpf the Way of theyalye-ste h mechanism. the.fermstid O ffstii'cl cbli'du its the Wall pf the ra tee-'1 bedy' mber.is: utilized as one Of the Walls (if bf e oinduits, whereby the eprstr'uptienzis" greatly simpli- 'jfiedyeJ d ll of the space within saidmemb mad 1 o I I I i I i'Other 'u'rpos'e ef the 'inverition is th have511' pa ts of "the" body m m l 1- i gthe' emiduiU QItitiGns end vet-lve-stem meuntings', integrally fdrmedQsdthat the same eqn beces'toii'otherwise precluded in a sihgle piece. "This tends t6ihetees'ethe tive,

Another objeet thereof is teha ve 'the valve-stems Operatein eneldsedIhdtihtiii 's, a

mgexp1b iney I y 7 s t Angu ar" u pos'e 9f the ihvhti'ohism previdehe-maaify gig"speeebetwe sthe.

(if 9; c teeter fromth (shat-1st senate.

" "Another ebjet' amemvwmns w p'i'dtend to all of the parts of thedevice which are liable to become super-heated, and prevent the samefrom becoming overheated.

The above mentioned, and other features and advantages of the inventionwill more fully appear from the following specification, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a verticallongltudinal section of a cylinder equipped with the invention, on thebroken line 11 of Fig. 4. v

Fig. 2 is a similar section on the broken line 22 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the cylindrical casing 11.

Fig. 4 is a planview of the head 12.

Fig. 5 is a cross-section on the broken line 5'5 of Fig. 2.

1 Similar parts are indicated by cor-respending reference charactersthroughout the several figures. j v

The reference number 10 indicates a cylinder, within the upper part ofwhich isenclosed a cylindrical casing 11, provided at its upper end witha head 12, of rectangular form. Said head may be secured to the cylinder10 by bolts or similar fastening means. A'space is left between the wallof the cylinder 10 and the casing 11, within which space is slidable theshell of a piston 13, closed at its lower end by a head 14, preferablyof convexo-concave form. The head .14 is fitted with a pair ofperforated ears 15, with which the end of a connecting-rod 16 ispivotally connected.

Within the casing 11 is a tubular mounting'17, in which is verticallymovable a valve-stem 18, on the lower end of which is a valve .19,normally closing an opening 20 in the lower end ofthe casing 11. Fromsaid opening a passage 22 extends upwardly to an intake 23 in the head12 (Figs-3 and 5), which intake is connected with: the carburetor orother source of fuel supply of the engine. The passage 22 is enclosedontwo sides by walls 24 and 25, and on the opposite side by the wall ofthe casing 11, and at its lower end said passage is off-set so that thewall of the opening 20 will be concentricwith the valve stem 18. Looselymounted on the upper endof said valve stem is a button 26, between whichand. the head 12 is interposed a coiled spring 27, the tendency of whichis to hold the valve 19 on its valve seat. The pressure of the springmay be released by means of a lever 28, fulcrumed on a support29'on thehead 12, and adapted to be actuated in the usual manner from some partof the enginemechanism, by

means of a rod 30.

The casing 11 also contains a tubular mounting 32, within Y which isvertically movable a valve-stem 33, upon the lower end ofwhichis. fixedavalve 34, normally closing an opening 35 in the lower end of the casing11. A passage 36 connects this opening with an exhaust outlet 37 in thehead 12. The passage 36 is enclosed on two sides by walls 38 and 39, andon the opposite sides by the wall of the casing 11, and is also off-setat its lower end, so that the wall 01 the opening 35 will be concentricwith the valve-stem 33. The valve 34 is held normally on its seat by acoiled spring 40 on the upper end of the stem 33, and said valvestem maybe manipulated by means of a rod and lever action similar to that shownfor the valve-stem 18, but not set out in the drawings herein. Thecasing 11 also contains a tubular member 41, in the lower end of whichis seated a sparkplug 42, the terminals of which project below the endof the casing, and by the sparking of-which a charge is ignited in thespace below said casing.

,Thetubular members 17,32, and 41 and the inner walls of the passages 22and 36 are entirely surrounded bya water space 43 v (Fig. '3), which hasan extension, into the space 44 between the adjacent walls of I saidpassages. At the upper "end o f' said space is an opening 45, throughwhich a. connection can be effected with the radiatorof the engine. Thewater space also extends downwardly to the lower endof the casing 11,surrounding the lower ends of the passages22 and 36, and valve'seats atthe lower ends thereof, protecting said parts from an excessive amountof heat; The water space is also projected upwardly into the head '12,from which it communicates, through openings 46 with a water acket 47enclosing the cylinder 10. When the engine is in operation the heatingof the water in the lower part of the casing 11 causes a circulation ofthe water upwardly, which circulation is maintained throughout theentire water cooling system. The water in the lower part of the casinghas a tendency to draw up through the narrow space 44, and

through the opening 45.

The heat in the intake and exhaust passages radiates through the walls25 and 39, .and is carried off by the movement of the water. This isspecially true of the wall of the exhaust conduit, through which .thehot gases are constantly passing, when theengine is in operation. Thereis also some radiation through the walls 24- and 38 and valve-stemmountings thereof. a I The size of thepassages 22 and 36 is such as togive thereto approximately the same capacity as that of the valves atthe inner ends thereof. In practice the passage 44 could probably beconsiderably narrowed, and the size. of the conduits increased, untilthey would occupy practically one half of the circumference of thecasing 11.. The valve-openings could thereby be proportionatelyenlarged, so that each one the eof ohwidus that it would hei'ifiposihleto' pht The i iti'ei wall gbffthe and thepi's't'o is, fitted5h its: a d with an rexte'mal "channel "wgh'i ti i it; its per end with's'imila hhh ei-s 505 the pper one of Whi'hiS fpref'efzibly' providedwrbh ,ofthe piston 13 the lower 6f the piSthh projects below the end bithe 10, and into the (iii-spray chamber "of the enfilm is: mghitdihed atQ l "tti'i ie's betfween the inner Wallhf the Cylinder (111d outer Wallof the piston 13. The oil 2118b piIS'Ses eve-r b tween the same; afid"the Wall of casing 11. A double seal of oil is this folfhd ;O'i1

a ain clash -"1he= charge thh- "opening ancl ci'o singa the "same;

ha-iist conduits lia-Vin openings in Oppij'site Ends of said cas ihgpell'wihgthe -wa li o f the casing, and inwardly 'di vet ted wfltheirinrieteh ds valve clo'si ng jlihe inner: ends of 'sa'id; and" mea' ns f'1' suit ably i e; piston vpemshle' i rthe sp c between said cylih ie i-'aiid saidfcz'l'il'ig; nheiiviis $01 fmning n oil seal on biapositefface'sr 0f 1 said i hth-W143i r i ngs hn the hmei enei'hf *said'basing prevent; passage; 035* Oil inwardly or l'em wig-e 'eles-ih githiiiiier ends "0- id eondwiits, Mk8. i'ii'e a'i'is fair hi ta bly dpemhaga mi c losihg said valves; and avpiston operable in the spacebetween-said cylinder andcasing, and pro vided on its outer face withone or more oil distributing jchannels cooperating with said first-namedchannels, p j

,4. A device of the class described, comprising an engine cylinder; a,cylindrical cas-. ing secured in oneend thereof, and provided withspaced apart intake and exhaust conduits having openings in oppositeendsof said casing,- and following the walls'thereof, said casingforminga water compartmentj about said conduits, the space between suchconduits forming an upward passage for the water, when heated valves forthe inner ends of said conduits; means for suitably opening andclosingsaid valves; a

piston operable in the space between said cylinder and' casing; andmeans for forming an oil seal aboutosaid piston to prevent leakage ofgasaround the same. i

5. Adevice of the class described, com prising a cylinder provided inits inner wall with a series :of annular channels; a cylindrical casingsecured in one end of said cylinder and spaced aparttherefrom, saidcasing forming ,a water compartment surrounding said conduits, andhaving means of communication with the water cooling system of saidcylinder; valves 'closing the inner ends-of'said conduits, and

'means for suitably actuating said valves;

and a piston operable in the space between said cylinder and'saidcasing, provided on itsqouter wall with annular channels adapted tocooperate with thefirst named channels in distributing a film of oilupon saidipiston. I

6. In' an internal combustionengine of the class described, a valvesupporting member comprising agcylindrical casing, having companionintake and exhaust conduits occupying approximately one-half of thecircumferential space in said casing, the wall of said casing formingone of the walls of each of said conduits, and a valve-stem mountingsformed integrally with the inner walls of said conduits.

7. In an internal combustion engine of the class described,avalve-s'upporting mem ber comprising a cylindrical casing containingcompanion spaced-apart intake and exhaust conduits of substantiallytri-angular formation, occupying approximately onehalf of thecircumferential space insaid casing, and provided at their inner endswith valve-openings oif-set from the main passages of said conduits; thewall of said casing forming one wall of-each of said conduits. and theother two walls of each thereof being exposed to heat-modifying elementscontained within said casing.

' 8. In an internal combustion engine of the class mentioned, avalve-supporting member comprising a cylindrical casing provided withlongitudinal partitions dividing said casing into-ta compartment for thecirculation of heat modifying elements, and .a pair of similarfconduitswith a nar row" space between, provided at one end with valve-openingscentered on a diametrical line of said casing, the ends of said conduitsbeing off-set to conform to the position of said openings, saidfconduitsbeing disposed along thev wall' of saidcasing at one side of saiddiametrical line.- V

. 9. In' an internaloombustion engine of the class mentioned, avalvet-supporting' member comprising a cylindrical casing containing apairof conduits'with a narrow space between ending at oneend invalve-openings centered on a diametrical line of said casing; and a headfor said casing, provided with ports in communication with saidconduits, said casing, the walls of said conduit, and said head beingintegrally formed. :7 i f 10. In an internal combustion engine of theclass mentioned, a'valve supporting member comprising a cylindricalcasing containing companion intake and exhaust conduits of a triangularformation, disposed on one side of a diametrical line of said casing,and provided at one end with valve openings centered on said diametricalline, said conduits being directed inwardly at their ends to conformthereto, and the wall of said casing forming one of the walls of each ofsaid conduits; and a head for said casing, provided with ports incommunication wlth said conduits, said casing and the head thereof, andthe inner walls of said conduits being integrally formed.

11. In an internal combustion engine, of the class mentioned, avalve-supporting member comprising a cylindrical casing containingspaced apart intake and exhaust conduits provided with valve openings atone of their ends, said valve openings being centered on a linebisecting the circumference of said casing, and the conduits disposed atone sideof said line, and

diverted across said line at their ends, so as to coincide with saidopenings; a pair of valve-stem mountings centered on said hne the classdescribed, a valve-supporting member comprising a cylindrical casingcontaining a pair of spaced-apart conduits occupying substantiallyone-half of the circumferential space in said casing, and pro- .vided attheir inner ends with valve openings at a central point in the end ofsaid casmg, the ends of said conduits being diverted toward such centralpoint to permit a valve area of said openings commensurate with thecapacity of said conduits; Valve-stem mountings adjacent to saidconduits and concentric with said valve openings; a spark-plug housingin said casing, in the part thereof opposite to said conduits; and ahollow head for said casing, having ports in communication with saidconduits, the space not occupied in said casing and head by saidconduits, valve-stem mountings and spark-plug housing being designed fora quantity of heat modifying elements, in circulation.

13. In an internal combustion engine, in combination With a cylinder,and a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, a cylindrical casingattached to one end of said cylinder, so as to project into said piston,and containing an intake conduit and exhaust conduit, spaced from eachother, and occupying substantially one half of the circumferential areaof said casing; and Valves in the inner ends of said conduits, each ofsaid valves having a diameter approximating one half of the diameter ofsaid casing, the capacity of said conduits and the valves thereof beingsubstantially the same, and the inner ends of the conduits beingdiverted I in the direction of said valves, so that such capacity may bemaintained throughhout.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ANTHONY J.'METIZ.

